Description

Drug Description:
Piroxicam is a long-acting NSAID used to alleviate pain and inflammation associated with conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is available in oral forms, including capsules and tablets. Piroxicam functions by inhibiting COX enzymes, which are responsible for prostaglandin synthesis, leading to a reduction in pain, inflammation, and fever.

Indications:
Piroxicam is primarily used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It is also indicated for the management of musculoskeletal pain, acute gouty arthritis, and primary dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation). Its long-acting nature makes it suitable for managing chronic pain conditions.

Contraindications:
Piroxicam is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in patients with active peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, or severe liver or renal impairment. As with other NSAIDs, Piroxicam is contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy due to its potential harm to the fetus. Additionally, individuals with asthma, urticaria, or other allergic reactions to NSAIDs should avoid this medication.

Mechanism of Action:
Piroxicam works by inhibiting both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which play a key role in the formation of prostaglandins. By reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins, Piroxicam alleviates inflammation, pain, and fever associated with various conditions. Its long half-life allows for sustained effects and convenient once-daily dosing.

Side Effects:
Common side effects of Piroxicam include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, and indigestion. Other common effects include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, fluid retention, and increased blood pressure. Serious adverse effects may involve gastrointestinal ulcers, liver enzyme elevation, renal failure, and cardiovascular complications, including an increased risk of stroke and heart attack with long-term use.

Drug Interactions:
Piroxicam may interact with anticoagulants like warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. It should not be combined with other NSAIDs, as this increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Piroxicam can reduce the effectiveness of diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs, and may enhance the toxicity of methotrexate and lithium.