Description

Overview
Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to treat pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders, osteoarthritis, and localized soft tissue injuries. The 1.5% topical formulation allows for localized treatment, reducing systemic exposure and minimizing gastrointestinal side effects compared to oral NSAIDs.

Mechanism of Action
Diclofenac works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), which are responsible for the production of prostaglandins—chemical mediators of pain and inflammation. By reducing prostaglandin levels at the site of application, diclofenac provides localized pain relief and reduces swelling.

Benefits and Indications
• Osteoarthritis (knee, hand, and localized joints) – Commonly prescribed for osteoarthritis when oral NSAIDs are contraindicated.
• Muscle and joint pain – Effective for sprains, strains, and minor injuries.
• Tendonitis and bursitis – Helps alleviate inflammation associated with repetitive stress injuries.
• Localized effect with reduced systemic risks – Lower risk of gastrointestinal issues compared to oral NSAIDs.

Possible Side Effects
• Local skin reactions – Redness, itching, rash, or dermatitis.
• Photosensitivity – Increased risk of sunburn in exposed areas.
• Systemic effects (rare) – If absorbed in significant amounts, it can cause gastrointestinal irritation, kidney issues, or cardiovascular concerns similar to oral NSAIDs.